The first two weeks
The Business Profile moves fastest. Claim it, verify it, and it can be on the map for your trade in your home town while the website is still being built. That's the quickest win a new business has.
The website gets found in that window too. Google crawls a new site within days once it knows the address, and search for your exact business name usually brings it up soon after. Nobody's searching your business name yet, so that isn't work coming in. It means the site is in.
The first two or three months
Pages start getting listed and showing up for the searches nobody else wants: long, specific questions with your town in them. You'll see a handful of visits and think it isn't working.
It is. Google is deciding what your site is about and whether it stays put. New sites sit in that waiting room and there's no way around it, which is the whole reason to put the site up before you need the work.
This is the stretch where most new businesses quit and rebuild, which resets the clock. Leave it alone, keep adding real pages, and keep asking every finished job for a review.
Three months to a year
Your home town comes first, because Google already ties you to it through the listing and the address. Then the towns next to it, then the ones a half hour out. Each one is a separate list you have to earn a place on.
How fast depends on things nobody controls: how many other businesses do your trade in that town, how long they've been at it, and how many reviews they have. A fencing company in a town of four thousand moves faster than a roofer in a metro. Nobody can promise a spot or a date, and anyone who does is selling something.
What speeds it up and what slows it down
What speeds it up: a real page for each service in each town, written like a person wrote it. A listing whose name and number match the site exactly. Reviews coming in steadily rather than ten in one afternoon. Pages that stay put.
What slows it down: changing the address of the site, thin pages that swap the town name and say nothing else, a listing that says one name and a site that says another, and starting over. Every rebuild hands back the time already served.